During the release of a new software stock specialized to track spam, Acme Software
Inc observation that there was not as much traffic as they hoped to receive. During further
investigation, they found that they could not view their own website. At that moment, the
Vp of sales received a call from the company's broker stating that Acme Software Inc
stock fell 4 point due to lack of confidence. Several states away, spammers didn't like the
idea of lower profit margins do to an easy to install spam blocking software so they
thought they would fight back. Earlier that day, they took control of hundreds of
compromised computers and used them as DoS zombies to charge Acme Software Inc's
Internet servers in a vicious act of cyber assault. During an urgency press conference
the next morning, Acme Software Inc's Cio announced his seclusion as a effect of a
several million dollar corporate loss.
Scenarios like the one above happen a more then people think and are more costly
then most will admit. Denial of assistance (DoS) attacks are designed to deplete the
resources of a target computer theory in an attempt to take a node off line by crashing or
overloading it. Distributed Denial of assistance (DdoS) is a DoS charge that is engaged by
many distinct locations. The most common DdoS attacks are instigated straight through viruses
or zombie machines. There are many reasons that DoS attacks are executed, and most of
them are out of malicious intent. DoS attacks are approximately impossible to prevent if you are
singled out as a target. It's difficult to distinguish the unlikeness between a legitimate
packet and one used for a DoS attack.
Remote Control Codes List
The purpose of this record is to give the reader with basic network knowledge a
better understanding of the challenges presented by Denial of assistance attacks, how they
work, and ways to protect systems and networks from them.
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The SRU5106 six-device universal remote by Philips is the perfect replacement remote for a television, DVD, DVR, AUX, satellite or cable. The six-in-one remote control can replace a table full of remote controls regardless of the brand or model. Control the functions of your cable/satellite with ease with the included standard buttons including clear, guide, menu, and select/OK. The SRU5106 is programmed by entering the codes of your old remotes and will work with all you AV devices from all brands since 1990. The setup codes will be saved automatically; even when the batteries are replaced you won’t lose your data. The integrated learning keys allow you to copy and store any functionality from your original remote, simply by pointing and beaming the SRU5106 at the original remote. The sleek design of the SRU5106 will compliment all the devices of your home entertainment center.
Customer Reviews
*** Product Information and Prices Stored: Feb 17, 2012 04:24:26
Instigation:
Spoofing - Falsifying an Internet address (know as spoofing) is the formula an attacker
uses to fake an Ip address. This is used to reroute traffic to a target network node or used
to deceive a server into identifying the attacker as a legitimate node. When most of us
think of this arrival of hacking, we think of someone in other city essentially
becoming you. The way Tcp/Ip is designed, the only way a criminal hacker or cracker
can take over your Internet identity in this fashion is to blind spoof. This means that the
impostor knows exactly what responses to send to a port, but will not get the
corresponding response since the traffic is routed to the traditional system. If the spoofing is
designed nearby a DoS attack, the internal address becomes the victim. Spoofing is used
in most of the customary DoS attacks. Many attackers will start a DoS charge to drop a
node from the network so they can take over the Ip address of that device. Ip Hijacking is
the main formula used when attacking a secured network or attempting other attacks like
the Man in the Middle attack.
Syn Flood - Attackers send a series of Syn requests to a target (victim). The target
sends a Syn Ack in response and waits for an Ack to come back to unblemished the
session set up. Instead of responding with an Ack, the attacker responds with another
Syn to open up a new connection. This causes the relationship queues and memory buffer
to fill up, thereby denying assistance to legitimate Tcp users. At this time, the attacker can
hijack the system's Ip address if that is the end goal. Spoofing the "source" Ip address
when sending a Syn flood will not only cover the offender's tracks, but is also a method
of charge in itself. Syn Floods are the most generally used DoS in viruses and are easy
to write. See http://www.infosecprofessionals.com/code/synflood.c.txt
Smurf Attack- Smurf and Fraggle attacks are the easiest to prevent. A perpetrator sends a
large estimate of Icmp echo (ping) traffic at Ip broadcast addresses, using a fake source
address. The "source" or spoofed address will be flooded with simultaneous replies (See
Cert Advisory: Ca-1998-01). This can be prevented by plainly blocking broadcast
traffic from remote network sources using access control lists.
Fraggle charge - This types of charge is the same as a Smurf charge except using Udp
instead if Tcp. By sending an Udp echo (ping) traffic to Ip broadcast addresses, the
systems on the network will all write back to the spoofed address and influence the target
system. This is a uncomplicated rewrite of the Smurf code. This can be prevented by simply
blocking broadcast traffic from remote Ip address.
Ping of Death - An attacker sends illegitimate Icmp (ping) packets larger than 65,536
bytes to a theory with the intention of crashing it. These attacks have been outdated since
the days of Nt4 and Win95.
Teardrop - Otherwise known as an Ip fragmentation attack, this DoS charge targets
systems that are running Windows Nt 4.0, Win95 , Linux up to 2.0.32. Like the Ping of
Death, the Teardrop is no longer effective.
Application charge - Thess are DoS attacks that involve exploiting an application
vulnerability causing the target schedule to crash or restart the system.
Kazaa and Morpheus have a known flaw that will allow an attacker to consume all
available bandwidth without being logged.
See http://www.infosecprofessionals.com/code/kazaa.pl.txt
Microsoft's Iis 5 Ssl also has an easy way to exploit vulnerability. Most exploits like
these are easy to find on the Internet and can be copied and pasted as working code.
There are thousands of exploits that can be used to DoS a target system/application. See
http://www.infosecprofessionals.com/code/Iis5Ssl.c.txt
Viruses, Worms, and Antivirus - Yes, Antivirus. Too many cases where the antivirus
configuration is wrong or the wrong edition is installed. This lack of foresight causes an
unintentional DdoS charge on the network by taking up necessary Cpu resources and
bandwidth. Viruses and worms also cause DdoS attacks by the nature of how they
spread. Some purposefully charge an personel target after a theory has been infected.
The Blaster worm that exploits the Dcom Rpc vulnerability (described in Microsoft
Security Bulletin Ms03-026) using Tcp port 135 is a great example of this. The Blaster
targeted Microsoft's windows modernize site by initiating a Syn Flood. Because of this,
Microsoft decided to no longer decree the Dns for 'windowsupdate.com'.
DoS attacks are impossible to stop. However, there are things you can do to
mitigate possible damages they may cause to your environment. The main thing to
remember is that you all the time need to keep up-to-date on the newest threats.
Mitigation:
Antivirus software - Installing an antivirus software with the newest virus definitions will
help prevent your theory from becoming a DoS zombie. Now, more then ever, this is an
important feature that you must have. With lawsuits so prevalent, not having the proper
protection can leave you open for downstream liability.
Software updates - Keep your software up to date at all times. This includes antivirus,
email clients, and network servers. You also need to keep all network Operating Systems
installed with the newest safety patches. Microsoft has done a great job with making
these patches ready for their Windows distributions. Linux has been said to be more
secure, but the patches are far more scarce. RedHat is planning on incorporating the
Nsa's Se Linux kernel into future releases. This will give Mandatory access Control
(Mac) capabilities to the Linux community.
Network safety - Using a aggregate of firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems
(Ids) can cut down on suspicious traffic and can make the unlikeness between logged
annoyance and your job. Firewalls should be set to deny all traffic that is not specifically
designed to pass through. Integrating an Ids will warn you when strange traffic is present
on your network. This will support you in finding and stopping attacks.
Network gadget configuration - Configuring perimeter devices like routers can detect
and in some cases prevent DoS attacks. Cisco routers can be configured to actively
prevent Syn attacks starting in Cisco Ios 11.3 and higher using the Tcp intercept
command in global configuration mode.
Access-list estimate permit tcp any destination destination-wildcard
ip tcp intercept list access-list-number
ip tcp intercept ? (will give you a good list of other options.)
Cisco routers can prevent Smurf and Fraggle attacks by blocking broadcast traffic. Since
Cisco Ios 12.0, this is the default configuration. Acls or access control lists should also
be configured on all interfaces.
No ip directed-broadcast
The Cisco router can also be used to prevent Ip spoofing.
ip access-group list in interface
access-list estimate deny icmp any any redirect
access-list estimate deny ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any
access-list estimate deny ip 224.0.0.0 31.255.255.255 any
access-list estimate deny ip host 0.0.0.0 any
See enhancing safety on Cisco Routers - http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/21.html
Old Cisco Ios versions are vulnerable to Several DoS attacks. The "Black Angels" wrote
a schedule called Cisco Global Exploiter. This is a great software to use when testing the
security of your Cisco router version and configuration and can be found at
http://www.blackangels.it/Projects/cge.htm
Security is not as mystical as people believe. DoS attacks come in many different
types and can be devastating if you don't take the permissible precautions. Keep up to date and
take steps to derive network nodes. Retention safety in mind can minimize damages,
downtime, and save your career.
Computer Graphics by Dr. Sukhendu das, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Madras
Keywords: Graphics, Programming, using, opengl
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